{"id":27115,"date":"2026-04-27T06:43:02","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T06:43:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/didebta.com\/?p=27115"},"modified":"2026-04-27T06:43:03","modified_gmt":"2026-04-27T06:43:03","slug":"what-is-the-consumer-price-index","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/didebta.com\/?p=27115","title":{"rendered":"What Is the Consumer Price Index?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div>\n<p>Have you ever had conversations with your grandparents about the good ole days? Back then, Grandpa could take Grandma to dinner and a movie for less than two bucks, a gallon of milk cost just 75 cents, and they bought their first home for less than $10,000.<sup>1,2,3<\/sup> These days, those prices seem so cheap that they may as well be from the Stone Age.\n    <\/p>\n<div class=\"BlogInsert-copy\">\n<p>Get expert money advice to reach your money goals faster!<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Obviously, prices haven\u2019t been that low in a <em>long<\/em> time. But you might have noticed\u00a0<em>much<\/em> higher totals while in the checkout line lately. In fact, from September 2021 to September 2022, U.S. consumer prices jumped 8.2%.<sup>4<\/sup> How do we know that? By looking at the Consumer Price Index, of course.\n    <\/p>\n<p>Okay . . . but what <em>is <\/em>the Consumer Price Index? How does it work? And is there some sort of formula to calculate inflation rates?\n    <\/p>\n<p>All right, buckle in, folks. We\u2019re about to talk about <em>a lot<\/em> of economic terms and numbers. But don\u2019t worry\u2014we\u2019re going to make this ride through the Consumer Price Index as smooth and painless as possible.\n    <\/p>\n<h2>What Is the Consumer Price Index?<\/h2>\n<p>The Consumer Price Index, or CPI, measures the average price of goods and services over time. It\u2019s calculated by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) and is used to keep track of the prices of everyday expenses\u2014things like gas, food and rent.<sup>5<\/sup> It\u2019s also the main tool economists use when they\u2019re trying to study inflation or deflation.\n    <\/p>\n<p>In other words, the CPI is tracking how much your turkey cost this Thanksgiving compared to last year, and the year before that, and the year before that . . . you get the idea. The CPI tracks more than 200 categories of goods and services, arranged into eight major groups:\n    <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Food and beverages<\/li>\n<li>Housing<\/li>\n<li>Apparel<\/li>\n<li>Transportation<\/li>\n<li>Medical care<\/li>\n<li>Recreation<\/li>\n<li>Education and communication<\/li>\n<li>Other goods and services<sup>6<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>By keeping track of the average prices that we pay for things, economists can also better measure the purchasing power of the U.S. dollar (that\u2019s a fancy way to say how far the dollar can go to cover the price of items).\n    <\/p>\n<h2>How Does the Consumer Price Index Work?<\/h2>\n<p>It\u2019s hard to understand how the CPI works without first understanding inflation, so let\u2019s do a quick lesson. (It\u2019ll be way less painful than high school economics, we promise.)\n    <\/p>\n<h3>What Is Inflation?<\/h3>\n<p>In basic terms, inflation is when the prices of goods and services go up\u2014and your buying power goes down. It\u2019s measured by how much prices rise over time and how the value of money falls because of those price hikes. And while inflation has pretty much existed as long as the economy has, it\u2019s definitely been felt pretty hard these past few years.\n    <\/p>\n<p>An easy way to think about inflation is with a simple math equation. Let\u2019s say in 2024, your favorite brand of soda cost $1 a can. So, one soda equals $1. But then in 2025, that soda brand raised their price to $1.25 a can. It\u2019s the same exact can of soda, but now that can\u2019s value is worth more than your dollar. And because of that, your dollar is worth <em>less.<\/em> Sometimes companies will try to disguise rising costs by selling their goods in smaller sizes for the same price\u2014which is referred to as shrinkflation.\n    <\/p>\n<p>Inflation is a normal part of the economy, but some countries have experienced hyperinflation\u2014which happens when prices get really high, really fast. In the U.S., the Federal Reserve adjusts interest rates and controls the money supply to try to keep inflation around 2%. But back in the 1970s, the U.S. economy experienced stagflation, a period of stagnant economic growth and high inflation!\n    <\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\n    <\/p>\n<h2>How Are Consumer Price Index Prices Collected?<\/h2>\n<p>Data collectors visit or call thousands of retail stores, restaurants, spas, rental units, doctor\u2019s offices and more from places all over the country (in person or on the web) and report their prices back to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. And they record the prices of about 80,000 items each month!<sup>8<\/sup><sup> <\/sup>If this sounds like a painstaking process, that\u2019s because it is.\n    <\/p>\n<p>The process isn\u2019t always black and white either. If a data collector finds that one of the items they recorded last month can\u2019t be recorded again this month\u2014like if it\u2019s no longer being sold or the size of the container has changed\u2014they have to choose another item to track or update the item to reflect the change.<sup>9<\/sup> All of the information is sent to the national office, where BLS specialists look at the data, make sure it\u2019s accurate and consistent, and make any corrections or adjustments.<sup>10<\/sup>\n    <\/p>\n<p>Because the CPI data is published monthly, it represents the prices for the entire month, not just the prices of the date the data was collected. This means that data for things that can change pretty quick in a month\u2014like gas prices\u2014may be a little off.\n    <\/p>\n<h2>How to Read the Consumer Price Index<\/h2>\n<p>While price tracking seems simple enough, looking at the CPI is anything <em>but<\/em> easy. In fact, if you\u2019re not a fan of numbers, even a quick glance at the index may make you a little queasy. But there\u2019s a method to the madness when it comes to understanding the CPI.\n    <\/p>\n<p>It all starts with this equation: 1982\u201384 = 100.<sup>11<\/sup> (We know that looks scary, but just bear with us here.)\n    <\/p>\n<p>The numbers 1982\u201384 represent the average price level for the 36-month period covering the years 1982, 1983 and 1984. The BLS set that price level to 100 as the baseline, and every price that comes after the year 1984 is based off of that 100.<sup>12<\/sup>\n    <\/p>\n<p>So, for example, if the CPI of a certain year is 110, you would subtract 100 (the baseline) and get 10, and that means that inflation has risen 10% since the year 1984. A reading of 250 would mean inflation has risen 150% since the year 1984.\n    <\/p>\n<h2>How to Calculate the Consumer Price Index<\/h2>\n<p>You might still be wondering where those CPI readings come from and how to calculate the inflation rate. Are you ready for even more math? Don\u2019t worry, we\u2019ll keep it simple.\n    <\/p>\n<p>If you\u2019re looking to calculate the inflation rate for a single item, you would use this CPI formula:\n    <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Later CPI \u2013 Past CPI\n    <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u00a0\u00a0 x 100 = Inflation Rate\n    <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Past CPI\n    <\/p>\n<p>Here\u2019s how it works: Let\u2019s say you wanted to find out what the rise in inflation was for fast-food hamburgers from 1982 to 2012. Well, the average cost of a fast-food hamburger in 1982 was 70 cents, and in 2012 it was $2.61.<sup>13<\/sup> So the formula would look like this:\n    <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">$2.61 \u2013 $0.70\n    <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u00a0\u00a0 x 100 = 272.86\n    <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">$0.70\n    <\/p>\n<p>That means the inflation rate on fast-food hamburgers shot up a whopping 273% between 1982 and 2012.\n    <\/p>\n<p><em>Phew!<\/em> Okay, math class is over. That wasn\u2019t so bad, was it?\n    <\/p>\n<h2>How to Prepare for Rising Consumer Costs<\/h2>\n<p>The one thing you\u2019ll notice with the Consumer Price Index is that the prices are almost always guaranteed to go up. <em>Joy!<\/em> The good thing is, inflation typically rises at a steady rate, and we don\u2019t notice it much. But sometimes, things get a little wacky, especially after an economic or global crisis (2020, anyone?). And that\u2019s when prices shoot up a little more than normal.\n    <\/p>\n<p>A moderate rate of inflation is usually a sign of a healthy, growing economy. But when the economy stops growing and goes down in the dumps for a few months, that\u2019s called a recession. The good news is that the U.S. isn&#8217;t in a recession right now. Although some parts of the economy have experienced rolling recessions in recent years.\n    <\/p>\n<p>Whether you want to prepare for inflation or a recession, here are three steps to make it through tough times.\n    <\/p>\n<h3>1. Stay calm.<\/h3>\n<p>Yes, it\u2019s worth saying it again. When people start noticing big increases in prices, they go a little bit crazy. Cue people filling up every container they own with gasoline. Don\u2019t fall for it! Slow down, breathe, and take it easy. We can\u2019t stress this enough: You can prepare\u00a0<em>without<\/em> panicking. And the first step here is just keeping your cool.\n    <\/p>\n<h3>2. Find ways to cut costs.<\/h3>\n<p>If you\u2019re feeling that pinch while paying for your family necessities, look for ways to cut costs. Make a list before you go to the store and find ways\u00a0 to\u00a0lower your grocery bill. You could also figure out how to save money on gas, like carpooling to work. Or make a few changes in your home to lower your electric bill.\n    <\/p>\n<p>Here are some other ideas on how to keep up with rising consumer costs from people we surveyed in our\u00a0Ramsey State of Personal Finance report: 38% of folks have looked for coupons or sales, 32% have bought less than they normally would, 29% have put off purchasing an item, and 25% have switched to the store brand. So, you\u2019re definitely not alone in trying to make your dollars cover more ground these days.\n    <\/p>\n<h3>3. Budget.<\/h3>\n<p>We know it stinks when you have to tweak your budget to make room for rising prices, but you can always find ways to keep from going over budget by cutting costs elsewhere. Inflation or not, you\u2019re still in control of your money. And armed with a\u00a0budget, you\u2019ll be able to make sure your money is going toward the right things while being able to find places where you can cut back your spending.\n    <\/p>\n<p>Let the budget be your guide as you look for places to cut back so you can beef up your grocery cash to cover those expensive fruits and veggies. Maybe you skip out on that trip to the beach this year and trade it for a low-budget camping trip. Figure out what\u2019s worth sacrificing\u2014and make those changes.\n    <\/p>\n<p>And on the bright side, budgeting has never been easier than with our free EveryDollar app. EveryDollar takes the guesswork out of managing your money by letting you to decide where every dollar is going <em>before<\/em> the month begins. Plus, EveryDollar makes it super easy to customize your budget on the fly. So if the price of milk rises again, you can quickly increase your grocery budget (and maybe lower that restaurant budget) to make sure you stay on track.\n    <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Read the full article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ramseysolutions.com\/budgeting\/consumer-price-index\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" rel=\"nofollow\">here<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Have you ever had conversations with your grandparents about the good ole days? Back then, Grandpa could take Grandma to dinner and a movie for less than two bucks, a gallon of milk cost just 75 cents, and they bought their first home for less than $10,000.1,2,3 These days, those prices seem so cheap that<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":27116,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[55],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-27115","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-news"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What Is the Consumer Price Index? | Didebta<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Have you ever had conversations with your grandparents about the good ole days? 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